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The Role of GLP-1 Therapies in Treating Obesity: A Comprehensive Overview

The Role of GLP-1 Therapies in Treating Obesity: A Comprehensive Overview

By Dr.Kijakarn Junda, 2025

Introduction Obesity has become a global public health crisis, affecting over 1 billion people and driving significant morbidity, mortality, and economic burden (Celletti et al., 2025). The World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized obesity as a chronic, relapsing disease, emphasizing the need for lifelong care and integrated treatment strategies. Among the emerging solutions, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) therapies have gained prominence due to their ability to promote weight loss and improve metabolic health.

postexposure medicinespep for HIV

Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) for HIV: Detailed Overview

Definition: PEP is a 28-day course of HIV medicines taken to prevent HIV infection after potential exposure. It must be started within 72 hours (3 days) of exposure for the best chance of effectiveness.

When to Start:

Critical Window: Initiate PEP as soon as possible after exposure, ideally within hours. Even a delay of 72 hours may significantly reduce its effectiveness.

Who Needs PEP?

Healthcare workers after needlestick injuries, sexual assault victims, or anyone at risk of HIV exposure.

Diabetes Mellitus update

We have diabetes category here https://pattayadoctor.net/kb/category/diabetes/

Types of Migraine

There are several types of migraines, which can be categorized based on their clinical features:

Migraine with Aura: Characterized by premonitory neurological phenomena such as visual scotomas before the headache phase.
Migraine without Aura (formerly termed common migraine): Features include unilateral throbbing headache, nausea and vomiting, or photophobia.

Other types mentioned in recent sources include:

Chronic Migraine: Headaches on 8 or more days per month with at least 15 total days of headaches.
Hemiplegic Migraine
Retinal Migraine
Abdominal Migraine (commonly seen in children)
Vestibular Migraine

basilar migraine

Pathophysiology:

Basilar migraine, also known as basilar-type migraine or migrainous brainstem aura, is thought to involve dysfunction in the brainstem and its connections. It may be related to cortical spreading depression (a wave of neuronal depolarization) affecting the occipital cortex and brainstem structures.