Definition: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Alphavirus genus in the Togaviridae family.
- Transmission: Primarily vectored by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes.
- Clinical Features:
- Acute febrile illness (sudden onset, high fever).
- Severe arthralgia (often debilitating, polyarthralgia).
- Myalgia, headache, and maculopapular rash.
- Rare complications: Encephalitis, myocarditis, or severe ocular disease.
- Epidemiology:
- Endemic in Africa, Asia, and the Americas.
- Outbreaks linked to travel and urbanization.
- Diagnosis:
- Serology (IgM/IgG antibodies) or PCR in acute phase.
- Treatment: Supportive care (hydration, analgesia); no specific antiviral therapy.
- Prevention: Mosquito control and personal protection (repellents, bed nets).
Rationale: CHIKV is a significant re-emerging pathogen due to its rapid spread and potential for severe joint pain, with no licensed vaccine or antiviral therapy available.