Definition: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Alphavirus genus in the Togaviridae family.

• Transmission: Primarily vectored by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes.
• Clinical Features:
  • Acute febrile illness (sudden onset, high fever).
  • Severe arthralgia (often debilitating, polyarthralgia).
  • Myalgia, headache, and maculopapular rash.
  • Rare complications: Encephalitis, myocarditis, or severe ocular disease.
• Epidemiology:
  • Endemic in Africa, Asia, and the Americas.
  • Outbreaks linked to travel and urbanization.
• Diagnosis:
  • Serology (IgM/IgG antibodies) or PCR in acute phase.
• Treatment: Supportive care (hydration, analgesia); no specific antiviral therapy.
• Prevention: Mosquito control and personal protection (repellents, bed nets).

Rationale: CHIKV is a significant re-emerging pathogen due to its rapid spread and potential for severe joint pain, with no licensed vaccine or antiviral therapy available.