Category: neurology

approach to temporal arteritis

Clinical Presentation:

• Headache (often new or worsening), scalp tenderness, jaw claudication, visual symptoms (e

10 FAQ of Acute confusional stage

1. What is the definition of acute confusional state (delirium)?
2. A syndrome characterized by disturbances in attenti

15 FAQ of headache

1. What is a headache?
2. A headache is pain that occurs in any region of the head, including the scalp, face, and neck

Headache approach

Primary Headaches: Most common, not life-threatening. Examples include:

• Migraine: Throbbing pain, often unilate

Novel medicine for migraine

CGRP Antagonists (Gepants):

• Ubrogepant (Ubrelya): Approved for acute treatment; blocks CGRP receptor.
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Injection for migraine

5-HT1B/1D receptor agonists (triptans) for acute migraine:

• Subcutaneous (SC) route: Sumatriptan, Rizatriptan, Zo

Ditans in Migraine

Mechanism of Action:

• Ditans are selective 5-HT1F receptor agonists.
• Unlike triptans, they do not cause vasoc

What is Gepants

Gepants are a class of small-molecule, orally administered calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonis

CGRP Antagonists in details

Mechanism of Action:

• CGRP antagonists (gepants) block the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor, preve

New treatment of Migraine

CGRP Antagonists (Small Molecule and Monoclonal Antibodies):

• Small Molecule CGRP Antagonists (Gepants):